- What is an ISA?
-
It is an Individual Savings Account. It is a new type of tax efficient savings
plan that will allow individuals to invest in a number of different ways Cash (including National Savings), Life
Insurance, and Equity Investments (Unit Trusts, OEICS, Investment Trusts, Shares etc.)
- Can anyone have an ISA?
-
ISAs are available to individuals aged 18 or over who are resident and
ordinarily resident in the UK for tax purposes. All ISAs must be held individually. You cannot have a joint ISA.
- What is so special about an
ISA?
-
Some have no minimum investment. An individual does not have to tie up money
for a long term. They are tax-free. There is no lifetime limit.
- What about ISAs and Tax?
-
An ISA is simply a tax efficient way of saving and investing your money. This
can be done in a number of different ways to suit your personal needs. For example, you could choose a savings account
with no notice or penalty, a stock market investment or a combination of the two.
ISAs are free from all UK Income Tax and Capital Gains Tax, and they could be
the best way of helping your money to grow tax free. There is a limit to how much you can invest in an ISA in each tax
year, but once you have one, you can hold on to it and enjoy its tax free benefits.
- What is the difference between MAXI and MINI
ISAs?
-
The MAXI ISA can hold all the three different type of investments that are
allowed Cash, Life Assurance and Equity type investments. One Company on behalf of the investor manages the
savings. The MINI ISA has three different managers for each different part.
- What are the three different types of Investments
that can be held within an ISA?
-
They are:
Equity ISAs which can invest in Unit Trusts, OEICS, Investment
Trusts and Corporate Bonds. Shares received from an approved profit sharing or savings-related share option scheme
(SAYE) may be transferred into the ISA at market value. This will count towards an investors annual limit but
will not incur Capital Gains Tax on the transfer.
Cash accounts - Cash can be Bank and building society accounts, Unit
Trusts or OEICS investing in money market. National savings products, which are not tax-free and often overlooked, are
deposits with Credit Unions.
Life Insurance policies issued by Insurance Companies, the
minimum premium must be £25 per month or £250 per annum.
- What can an ISA not invest in?
-
Like PEPs, ISAs will not invest in unlisted shares or shares quoted on the
Alternative Investment Market (AIM). This is because the shares may have already benefited from tax reliefs. Shares
from a public offer (privatisation) or from a demutualising Building Society or Insurer may not be transferred into an
ISA.
- Is it possible to use an ISA to pay off a mortgage?
-
Over the first 10 years of an ISA the minimum term that the government
has indicated that ISAs will run for, it is possible to pay contributions of £52,000. Over 25 years some
commentators have suggested that this would cover a mortgage of approximately £125,000.
Of course, a couple could theoretically cover a mortgage of £250,000
provided both invested the maximum possible in their ISAs. Remember though that ISAs are not guaranteed and Life Cover
and Critical Illness Cover would be required.
- Apart from ISAs what other Tax-efficient
investments are there?
-
National Savings Certificates
These may be an attractive option for
higher rate taxpayers. An individual may invest up to £10000 with the Government and receive a tax-free
income.
Venture Capital Trusts
Also known as VCTs. These may also be of
interest for some Wealthier Investors. These were introduced in the 1995 Finance Act.
Investors are exempt from all income tax on dividends received from VCTs as
well as Capital Gains Tax on the disposal of shares. This is similar to the tax position on ISAs.
Another benefit of VCTs is that subscribers for new ordinary shares in VCTs can
claim income tax relief at the rate of 20%, in the year of issue of the shares, as long as the shares are held for 5
years.
In addition to this, an individual subscribing for new ordinary shares in VCTs
are also able to defer a capital gain up to the amount subscribed. The maximum an individual can invest in a VCT in a
Tax Year is £100,000. An individual investing in a VCT should consult with an IFA who has experience in this
area.
Friendly Society Plans.
These are tax-free regular savings plans,
which had an original maximum monthly premium of £9. This has been steadily increased in successive budgets to
its current level of £25pm. The minimum term is usually for 10 years and as long as the premiums are paid for
this length of time the proceeds are tax-free. With funds investing directly in shares and funds, which smooth returns
(With Profits), Friendly Society Plans are of interest to many investors.
Pensions
With tax relief on contributions and the fund able to grow
tax-free, one of the most established forms of saving continues and is attractive to all investors.
For all of the above it is essential that an individual seeks Independent
Financial Advice
- What are the CAT standards?
-
The CAT standards are a set of voluntary standards drawn up by the Treasury
(Government) which companies can choose to adopt for their ISAs. CAT stands for Charges, Access and Terms. The
rationale of the CAT standard is to help inexperienced consumers recognise worthwhile products as well as encouraging
competition in the market for small savers.
An ISA that meets or betters the standards will be awarded a CAT mark, which it
can use in advertising or brochures.
However, CAT standards are not applied to the investment performance of a
stockmarket-based ISA.
It is impossible to grade potential performance, therefore a CAT mark is not a
Kite Mark, it does not guarantee that a Stockmarket ISA will perform well or even that it will not lose money. An
investment in a CAT marked ISA can go down as well as up and is not guaranteed.
CAT marks will represent certain standards for each category of investment.
These are:
- Cash ISA
- Charges
- Access
- a minimum deposit/withdrawal no greater than £10, withdrawals
must be allowed within 7 working days or less
- Terms
- interest rate no lower than 2% points below base rate, must follow
base rate increase within one calendar month.
- Insurance ISA
- Charge
- annual charge no more than 3%, no other charges
- Access
- minimum premium no greater than £25 per month or £250
per annum.
- Terms
- surrender value must reflect the value of the underlying assets and
be at least equal to premiums paid after 3 years
- Stockmarket ISA
- Charge
- annual charge of no more than 1% of net asset value, no other
charges
- Access
- minimum savings of no more than £50 per month or £500
per year.
- Terms
- can invest in shares, authorised unit trusts, OEICS or certain
investment trusts(e.g. not split capital trusts), units and shares must be single priced at mid market
price.
- All ISA providers
- Terms
- no requirement to buy another linked product, undertaking to keep to
the CAT standard after the investment is started, use of plain English, no limitation of ISA investments to existing
customers, Fair and straightforward treatment of customers.
- What happens to PEPs and TESSAs?
-
PEPs
An investor is allowed to keep all existing PEPs as long as
they want to. However, no further contributions can be paid into a PEP after 5/4/99. All contributions previous to this
date can remain invested, and all profits are free of tax.
TESSAs
A saver can continue to pay into a TESSA until the end of the
original 5-year term. As detailed in the TESSA pages, as long as the capital remains untouched, the interest will be
paid out free of tax on maturity. When the TESSA matures, a saver can take the capital and reinvest it (but not the
interest).
This could be either in a special extra TESSA only ISA which does not affect
the other ISA limits for that year or investment can be made into the Cash element which is £3000 (1999/2000) or
£1000 from 2000/2001 onwards.
- Should an investor transfer his/her PEP into an ISA?
-
It seems unlikely that an investor would wish to do so. As a PEP can be
continued without affecting the amount that can be invested in an ISA, a reason for doing so could be to consolidate
investments with one provider.
However, it should be remembered that PEP investments could be transferred to
other funds with the same provider and/or transferred to other providers. An individual wondering what to do with their
ISAs and/or PEPS should seek advice from an IFA.